Morphobiological features of generative organs of fertile and sterile table beet plants and their variability as a result of self-pollination (review)

Beet is considered a difficult breeding object due to its biological peculiarities that make it obtain hybrid seed progeny. In cross-pollinated crops, the maximum hybridization achieved by using sterile mother plants, which are extremely rare in nature. Inbreeding one of ways isolate genotypes with cytoplasmic male sterility, controlled recessive alleles nuclear genes and S-factor mitochondrial DNA, from complex heterogeneous population. The main distinguishing features allowing identify plants sterility structure coloring anthers, quality composition pollen. diversity phenotypic manifestation marker coloration anthers determined ratio different pigments. Diversity pollen grains fertile caused differences their development at late stages androgenesis. degree sterilization varies genotypes, associated regulatory mechanisms interaction between genetic apparatus nucleus cytoplasm. Along abnormalities grain micropopulations, self-fertilization results morphological changes inflorescences number flower organs, has direct impact on productivity plants. studies summarized this publication relevant essential for search effective control plant ontogenesis universal selection criteria process creating fundamentally new forms especially important breeding.